| Peer-Reviewed

Evaluation of Airway Volume and Area in Skeletal Class II Patients Treated with Forsus FRD Using 3D Acoustic Pharyngometry and Its Correlation with Cephalogram Data

Received: 29 August 2021     Accepted: 20 December 2021     Published: 29 December 2021
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Aim: To evaluate, pre and post Forsus FRD treatment changes in mean airway volume and area measured in Acoustic Pharyngometer (AP) and to correlate the findings with lateral cephalogram data. Material and Methods: This study was planned on skeletal Class II malocclusion patients diagnosed with mandibular hypoplasia as a cause of Class II malocclusion, requiring fixed functional therapy. Pre-treatment AP records were recorded once the levelling and alignment phase was complete and Forsus FRD appliance was placed. Appliance treatment was continued till the desired objectives i.e optimal overjet and overbite were achieved. Post functional AP records were made at the end of functional therapy, after removal of Forsus FRD. Results: Post functional treatment indicated statistically significant changes on evaluation of upper airway dimensions of the subjects, in mean upper airway volume and area. Conclusion: Study concluded that Forsus FRD is an effective method for correction of skeletal Class II malocclusion among adolescent patients, enhancing significant increase in volume and area of hypopharyngeal and oropharyngeal spaces, thus improving the upper airway patency and as a reliable guide to prevent developing Obstuctive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) in future in these individuals.

Published in International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.15
Page(s) 40-45
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Upper Airway Mean Area, Upper Airway Mean Volume, Acoustic Pharyngometry, Forsus FRD

References
[1] McNamara JA. (1981). Influence of respiratory pattern on craniofacial growth. Angle Orthod, 51, 269-00.
[2] Martin O, Mueles L, Vinas M J. Nasopharyngeal cephalometric study of ideal occlusions. (2006). Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 130, 436-9.
[3] Born J, Muth S, Fehm H L. (1988). The significance of sleep onset and slow wave sleep for nocturnal release of growth hormone and cortisol. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 13, 233-243.
[4] Battagel J M, Johal A, Koetcha B. (2000). A cephalometric comparision of subjects with snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur J Orthod, 22, 353-365.
[5] Resrepo, C., Santamaria, A., Palaez, S. and Tapias, A. (2011) Oropharyngeal airway dimension after treatment with functional appliances in Class II retrognathic children. J Oral Rehabil, 38 (8), 588-94.
[6] Gunay, E. A. and Arun Talbantgtil, D. (2011). Evaluation of the immediate dentofacial changes in late adolscent patients treated with the Forsus FRD. Eur J Orthod, 5, 423-431.
[7] GraberT, Vanarsdall Jr, Vig K. (2005). Orthodontics current principles & techniques. 6th ed. St Louis Missouri: Elsevier, 396-00.
[8] Ritto AK, Ferreira AP. Fixed functional appliances–A classification. (2000). Funct Orthod, 17, 2–32.
[9] Vogt W. (2006). The forsus fatigue resistant device. J Clin Orthod, 13, 368-76.
[10] Taki AA, Ghaffarpasand A. (2015). Effects of functional appliance therapy on the depth of the pharyngeal airways: Activator vs Forsus. J Dent Health Oral Disord Therapy, 3, 1-7.
[11] Urzo AD, Lawson VG, Vassal KP. (1987). Airway area by acoustic response measurements and computerized tomography. Am Rev Respir Dis, 125, 392-398.
[12] Alhammadi MS, Halboubi E, Fayad MS, Labib A, Saidi CE. (2018). Global distribution of malocclusion traits: A systemic review. Dent Press J Orthod, 23, 1-10.
[13] Siddegowda R, Satish RM. (2014). The prevalence of malocclusion and its gender distribution among school children: An epidemiological survey. SRM J Res Dent Sci; 5, 224-229.
[14] McNamara JA Jr. (1981). Components of Class II malocclusion in children 8–10 years of age. Angle Orthod, 51, 177–202.
[15] Krogman MR. (1967). The role of genetic factors in the human face, jaws and teeth. A review. The Eugen Rev, 59, 161-191.
[16] Goncalves R C, Raveli D B, Pinto A S. (2011). Effect of age and gender on upper airway, lower airway and upper lip growth. Braz Oral Res, 25 (3), 241-7.
[17] Muto T, Yamakazi A, Takeda S. (2008). A cephalometric evaluation of pharyngeal airway space in patients with mandibular retrognatia and prognathia and normal patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Sur, 37 (3), 228-231.
[18] Schwab R. (2003). Sleep apnoea is an anatomic disorder. Am J Resp Crit Care Med, 168, 270-271.
[19] Ozbek MM, Memikoglu TU, Gogen H, Lowe AA, Baspinar E. (1998). Oropharyngeal airway dimensions and functional orthopedic treatment in skeletal Class II cases. Angle Orthod, 68 (4), 327-36.
[20] Xiang ML, Hu B, Liu Y, Sun J, Song J. (2017). Changes in airway dimensions following functional appliances in growing patients with skeletal class II malocclusion: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Intl J Ped Otolaryn, 97, 170-180.
[21] Temani P, Jain P, Rathee P, Temani R. (2016). Volumetric changes in pharyngeal airway in Class II division 1 patients treated with Forsus fixed functional appliance: A three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography study. Contemp Clin Dent, 7, 31-35.
[22] Behrents, R. G., Shegikar, A. V., Conley, R. S., Mir, C. F., Hans, M., Levine, M., McNamara, J. A., Palomo, J. M., Pilska, B., Stockstill, J. W., Wise, J., Murphy, S., Nagel, N. and Hittner, J. (2019) Obstructive sleep apnoea and orthodontics: An American association of orthodontics white paper. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 156, 13-28.
[23] Santos L, Albright D, Dutra V, Bhamidipall SS. (2020). Is there a correlation between airway volume and maximum constriction area location in different dentofacial deformities. J Oral Maxfacial Surg, 78 (8), 112-115.
[24] Launois SH, Feroah TR, Campbell WN, Issa FG, Morrison D, Whitlaw WA. (1993). Site of pharyngeal narrowing predicts outcome of surgery of obstructive sleep apnoea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993, 147, 182-189.
[25] Abramson Z, Susarla S, August M, Troulis M, Kaban L. (2010). Three dimensional computed tomographic analysis of airway anatomy in patients with OSA. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 68, 354-362.
[26] De Young, Bakker J P, Anwar S B, Connolly J G, Butler J P, Malhotra A. (2013). Acoustic Pharyngometry measurement of minimal cross sectional airway area is a significant independent predictor of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea. J Clin Sleep Med, 9 (11), 1161-1164.
[27] Zimmerman J, Lee J, Pliska B. (2016). Reliability of upper pharyngeal airway assessment using dental CBCT: a systematic review. Eur J Ortho, 1-8.
[28] Martins LS, Liedke GS, Silveria HL, Silveria PF, Arus NA, Ongkosuwita EM, Vizzotto MB. (2018). Airway volume analysis: is there a correlation between two and three dimensions? Eur J Orthod, 262-267.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Varun Govindraj, Sanjeev Datana, Shiv Shankar Agarwal, Deepak Chauhan. (2021). Evaluation of Airway Volume and Area in Skeletal Class II Patients Treated with Forsus FRD Using 3D Acoustic Pharyngometry and Its Correlation with Cephalogram Data. International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 7(2), 40-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.15

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Varun Govindraj; Sanjeev Datana; Shiv Shankar Agarwal; Deepak Chauhan. Evaluation of Airway Volume and Area in Skeletal Class II Patients Treated with Forsus FRD Using 3D Acoustic Pharyngometry and Its Correlation with Cephalogram Data. Int. J. Clin. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2021, 7(2), 40-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.15

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Varun Govindraj, Sanjeev Datana, Shiv Shankar Agarwal, Deepak Chauhan. Evaluation of Airway Volume and Area in Skeletal Class II Patients Treated with Forsus FRD Using 3D Acoustic Pharyngometry and Its Correlation with Cephalogram Data. Int J Clin Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;7(2):40-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.15

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.15,
      author = {Varun Govindraj and Sanjeev Datana and Shiv Shankar Agarwal and Deepak Chauhan},
      title = {Evaluation of Airway Volume and Area in Skeletal Class II Patients Treated with Forsus FRD Using 3D Acoustic Pharyngometry and Its Correlation with Cephalogram Data},
      journal = {International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery},
      volume = {7},
      number = {2},
      pages = {40-45},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcoms.20210702.15},
      abstract = {Aim: To evaluate, pre and post Forsus FRD treatment changes in mean airway volume and area measured in Acoustic Pharyngometer (AP) and to correlate the findings with lateral cephalogram data. Material and Methods: This study was planned on skeletal Class II malocclusion patients diagnosed with mandibular hypoplasia as a cause of Class II malocclusion, requiring fixed functional therapy. Pre-treatment AP records were recorded once the levelling and alignment phase was complete and Forsus FRD appliance was placed. Appliance treatment was continued till the desired objectives i.e optimal overjet and overbite were achieved. Post functional AP records were made at the end of functional therapy, after removal of Forsus FRD. Results: Post functional treatment indicated statistically significant changes on evaluation of upper airway dimensions of the subjects, in mean upper airway volume and area. Conclusion: Study concluded that Forsus FRD is an effective method for correction of skeletal Class II malocclusion among adolescent patients, enhancing significant increase in volume and area of hypopharyngeal and oropharyngeal spaces, thus improving the upper airway patency and as a reliable guide to prevent developing Obstuctive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) in future in these individuals.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Evaluation of Airway Volume and Area in Skeletal Class II Patients Treated with Forsus FRD Using 3D Acoustic Pharyngometry and Its Correlation with Cephalogram Data
    AU  - Varun Govindraj
    AU  - Sanjeev Datana
    AU  - Shiv Shankar Agarwal
    AU  - Deepak Chauhan
    Y1  - 2021/12/29
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.15
    T2  - International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
    JF  - International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
    JO  - International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
    SP  - 40
    EP  - 45
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2472-1344
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.15
    AB  - Aim: To evaluate, pre and post Forsus FRD treatment changes in mean airway volume and area measured in Acoustic Pharyngometer (AP) and to correlate the findings with lateral cephalogram data. Material and Methods: This study was planned on skeletal Class II malocclusion patients diagnosed with mandibular hypoplasia as a cause of Class II malocclusion, requiring fixed functional therapy. Pre-treatment AP records were recorded once the levelling and alignment phase was complete and Forsus FRD appliance was placed. Appliance treatment was continued till the desired objectives i.e optimal overjet and overbite were achieved. Post functional AP records were made at the end of functional therapy, after removal of Forsus FRD. Results: Post functional treatment indicated statistically significant changes on evaluation of upper airway dimensions of the subjects, in mean upper airway volume and area. Conclusion: Study concluded that Forsus FRD is an effective method for correction of skeletal Class II malocclusion among adolescent patients, enhancing significant increase in volume and area of hypopharyngeal and oropharyngeal spaces, thus improving the upper airway patency and as a reliable guide to prevent developing Obstuctive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) in future in these individuals.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Command Dental Centre (WC), Chandimandir Cantt, India

  • Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India

  • Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India

  • Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Corps Dental Unit (CC), Mathura Cantt, India

  • Sections